Tussirex Sugar Free Information

What's inside Tussirex Sugar Free

Tussirex Sugar Free Chemical Information

sodium citrate - The sodium salt form of citrate with alkalinizing property. Upon absorption, sodium citrate dissociate and causes increased plasma bicarbonate concentration, thereby buffer excess H+, raise blood pH and reverse the clinical manifestations of acidosis. Furthermore, increased free sodium load could foster intravascular blood volume, and facilitate excretion of bicarbonate compounds and result in anti-urolithic effect.

codeine - The phosphate salt form of codeine, a naturally occurring phenanthrene alkaloid and opioid agonist with analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive activity. Codeine phosphate mimics the actions of opioids by binding to the opioid receptors at many sites within the central nervous system (CNS). Stimulation of the mu-subtype opioid receptor stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex and subsequently inhibits adenylate cyclase. This results in a decrease in intracellular cAMP and leads to a reduction in the release of neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline. The analgesic effect of codeine phosphate is likely due to its metabolite morphine, which induces opening of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels and blocks the opening of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels, thereby resulting in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.

pheniramine maleate - The maleate salt form of pheniramine, an alkylamine derivative with antihistaminic and vasodilatory properties. Pheniramine maleate binds to histamine H1 receptors, thereby inhibiting phospholipase A2 and production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide. Subsequent lack of activation of guanylyl cyclase through nitric oxide results in decreased cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels, thereby inhibiting constriction of smooth muscle tissue, and decreased capillary permeability and histamine-activated allergic reactions.

phenylephrine hydrochloride