Metabolic rate symptoms and conditions

Why the brain function is impaired due to Singulair????? Maybe.

Here is the last chapter in a theoretical reason why Singulair affects brain function thus causing anxiety, depression, agitation, aggression, ADD/ADHD, and in extreme situations maybe seizures. I presented the study of the Chinese researchers that show a direct link between the cysLT1 receptor and the astrocyte in the brain. We don't really know how the cysLT1 receptor interacts with receptors that control astrocytes under all circumstances. We just know that there is an important link.

So last night, I had a dream about astrocytes. I don't really have anything to do but sit on an island, look at the Caribbean and fish so mental stimulation is actually welcome.

The last part of the "chain reaction" is probably the astrocytes role in glyconeogenesis. In other words, when the brain does not get proper nutrition, it sends signals to the liver to do something about the problem. The liver in turn releases glycogen which is turned into glucose to be released into the blood stream. A very unhappy brain becomes a very relieved brain. Obviously, we can't be eating all day long to keep our blood sugar up so the liver has to store energy and release it at the correct time.

Here is a diagram of that. Astrocytes are the only cell that produce the proper chemicals for this process to happen.

http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v27/n2/fig_tab/9600343f5.html
FIGURE
Quote: All credit to the authors, of course.

Energy metabolism in astrocytes: high rate of oxidative metabolism and spatiotemporal dependence on glycolysis/glycogenolysis
Leif Hertz, Liang Peng and Gerald A Dienel

BACK TO ARTICLEFigure 5.
Next figure | Previous figure | Figure and tables index

Glucose utilization pathways that provide or consume ATP. (A) Schematic of key aspects of the glycolytic pathway of glucose utilization for energy metabolism and major branch points that can divert carbon for other uses, including NADPH generation, storage of glucosyl units in glycogen, neuromodulator, and amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis. The most important reactions for generation of energy are glycolysis (pyruvate/lactate formation from glucose), shown in light brown and occurring in all cell types, and glycogenolysis (pyruvate/lactate formation from glycogen), shown in light green, which occurs only in astrocytes, due to the astrocyte-specific expression of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, which releases a glucosyl unit from glycogen as G1P. The energetically most important biosynthetic reactions are synthesis of glycogen from glucose (glycogenesis) shown in brown and green and from pyruvate/lactate (gluconeogenesis) shown in pink, brown, and green. Gluconeogenesis is also astrocyte-specific, because only astrocytes express fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, which generates F6P from fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate (F1, 6P) and PC, which generates oxaloacetate (OAA) from pyruvate. The latter reaction is followed by formation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) by decarboxylation of OAA; this sequence is necessary to form PEP from pyruvate, an energetically unfavorable reaction. Biosynthesis of serine/glycine (shown in olive) is also an astrocyte-specific process due to preferential expression of 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Yamasaki et al., 2001). Both neurons and astrocytes form alanine and ribose-5-phosphate (R5P), the latter in the pentose shunt pathway (upper left corner), linked to NADPH production needed for operation of glutathione peroxidase and oxidation of monoamine transmitters. The MAS, indicated by red, transfers malate formed in the cytosol from oxaloacetate during conversion of NADH to NAD+ into mitochondria. PDH-mediated formation of acetyl CoA, which is also shown in red, initiates oxidative degradation of pyruvate in the mitochondria. Red and blue text for ATP indicates energy production and utilization, respectively. (B) Major reactions and net ATP yields or net ATP consumption of major pathways derived from the glycolytic pathway are indicated in color-coded boxes that correspond to the color-coded pathways in panel A. For simplicity, the scheme indicates the energy yields (ATP) and NAD(P)H production or utilization based on metabolism of 1 glucose to form one ribulose-5-P, two lactate/pyruvate, or 2 serine; a similar representation illustrates the energy and cofactors required for gluconeogenic conversion of two moles of lactate into one free (G6P) or glycogen-bound glucosyl unit. Glc, glucose; P, phosphate; G6P, glucose-6-P; 6PG, 6-P-gluconate; R5P, ribulose-5-P; GSH, reduced form of glutathione; GSSG, oxidized form of glutathione; F6P, fructose-6-P; F1, 6-P, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate; GAP, glyceraldehyde-3-P; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone-P; 3PG, 3-P-glycerate; 2PG, 2-P-glycerate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; Pyr, pyruvate; Lac, lactate; Ala, alanine; OAA, oxaloacetate; 3P-HyPyr, 3-P-hydoxypyruvate; Glu, glutamate; KG, -ketoglutarate; 3P-L-Ser, 3P-L-serine; L-ser, L-serine; D-ser, D-serine; Gly, glycine; C1, one carbon fragment used for methyl donor reactions.

This is quite interesting because should the connection between the cysLT1 receptor and astrocyte be established and explained, it shows that there is a very direct link between the immune system and metabolism. That should be intuitive because when we get seriously sick, then we are laying in bed and the body should try to conserve energy so that we don't just waste away.

So what happens if we cause changes in the cysLT1 receptor to cause the astrocytes to believe that we are sick, the normal connection between the brain and glyconeogenesis then doesn't exist. We would have to be causing some kind of periods of extreme stress on the brain because we are out moving around and doing not home sick in bed.

Maybe we should award the Chinese researchers the nobel prize? Maybe they established the connection between the immune system and metabolism? Is there also a link between the immune system of some individuals and depression? Some how, this makes perfect sense. So we have to find out and help as many people as we can.

I think that it is time to call the lawyer-biochemists to find out if this can be proven to be true and if Merck knew or not.

the truth.

word of advice...dont take "prescription drugs" unless its for life-threatening issue, but for anything else dont take it, prescription drugs are'nt always good and ALWAYS come in with numerous side-effects.

i use natural ways to cure my syptoms for now on, for example, good nutrition, exercise, sleep, herbal tea drinking, talk therapy, you see, there is a alternative. the doc just want me to take meds and get money from the insurance for doing so.

they say its "hospital policy"..i think now i see the corollation between money and meds

i took geodon at 20mg for 6 months because the docs "said" it "prevents" any chance of pyschotic behavior, i was like, oh no doc, i dont have those behaviors, i try to convince them, but they hold me against my will and i had to take it in order for them docs to release me from the hospital..because its "hospital policy".if i dont take it..i dont leave.

in the first place...i went to the hospital to talk so i can feel better from my arguments with my family, not to be treated with medication, i did'nt expect that, they prescibe it to me without my knowledge and consent, but they got consented it from someone else,and its none other than my parents who were my enemies at the time, and my parents use the oppurtunity to use that so they can further punish me. and now im pissed...and am going to press charges for couple million dollars because the damages is too great, my body is like heating up even if its dead in winter, having feel like im going to get nose bleeds, which rarely occurs but did on several occasion..if it did..it last up to two minitues continuasly, so i stop taking it in protest, i feel a little relieved, but the damages is too great, i even lost my job because i was so exausted, i could'nt even perform my hard work duties anymore , and iam feeling that my metabolic rate is severely high, which produce excess body heat in the process. and beggining of this year, i feel that iam developing a sensitivity to extreme heat due to the meds. i dont know the extent of the sensitivity, and iam also developing a fatal disease called neuroliptic malignent syndrome. i want to avoid that at all cost. im not for sure, but i need a physical test done...the whole nine yards.

neoroliptic malignent syndrome(NMS) is life threating neorological disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to neoroleptic or antipyschotic drugs.
in two weeks after the initial drug being taken or whenevr takened,
the first syptom to develope is muscular rigidity, followed by high fever and changes in cognitive fuctions and other symtom may vary. but includes blood pressure, confusion, coma, dilirium, muscle tremors, when symtoms do appear, they can peak intensity within three days. these symtoms can last 48 hours to 40 days. seek medical help when occured for over a week.

a raised creatine phosphokinase(CPK) plasma concentration will be reported due to increased muscular activity, the person may be hypertensive and suffering from a metabolic acidosis, which means the blood ph level is low than 7.35 due to the increased production of hydrogen by the body, or the body inability to form bicarbonate in the kidney, this can result in diarrhea, coma, or even death. together with respitory acidosis, its the two main acidosis.

unfortunately, the symtoms may be reported as symtoms of "mental illness" by the doctors which delays treatment.

but thats is all i can say...

i dont know now..but this damages doned to me might last years, i hope its not permanent.

just remember people....ask questions about your medications you're taking, if you feel the docs is covering the truth and just says the "good things" about meds, find other sources, i studied for two years to come with a report that corresponds to my symtoms, i just want to be accurate so i can have proof so i can take them to court!!!!

and of course, as with personal opinion for evryday life, "certain things and objects, rules and regulations is not for everyone but applies to some, evryone has different preferences, like certain meds, favorite colors of their cars, radio stations, etc...remember..

I've been on TOPROL-XL( 50 mg) for about 18 months now. Gained 25 lbs. Lack of interest (consistently) in getting much done. I had an aortic valve replacement 12 years ago and they were recently concerned about an enlargement of the aorta-so they wanted the Toprol to reduce the blood pressure further. Its keeping the pressure steady but not a huge decrease. When I discuss the side effects- they smile beningly. I'm having difficulty with digestive tract issues, also, which seem to be connected with weight gain. Other than fluuid retention- anybody know WHY this cuases weight gain? Anybody had any luck switching to other medications??

I'm a 54 year old male and have been on Toprol for almost a year. I too gained a significant amount of weight for an ectomorph body type. I'm taking it to slow a higher than normal pulse rate and it does a wonderful job of doing that. My pulse rate has dropped from a normal resting pulse of 84 to about 60-65 BPM. My doctor attributes my weight gain to a lower metabolic rate with the slower pulse.