June 14th
2008
1:54 PM
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2004, p. 2624-2632, Vol. 48, No. 7
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2624-2632.2004
The Antimalarial Potential of 4-Quinolinecarbinolamines May Be Limited due to Neurotoxicity and Cross-Resistance in Mefloquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Strains
Geoffrey S. Dow,1* Michael L. Koenig,2 Lesley Wolf,2 Lucia Gerena,1 Miriam Lopez-Sanchez,1 Thomas H. Hudson,1 and Apurba K. Bhattacharjee1
Divisions of Experimental Therapeutics,1 Neurosciences, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 209102
Received 16 September 2003/ Returned for modification 25 November 2003/ Accepted 3 March 2004
The clinical potential of mefloquine has been compromised by reports of adverse neurological effects. A series of 4-quinolinecarbinolamines were compared in terms of neurotoxicity and antimalarial activity in an attempt to identify replacement drugs. Neurotoxicity (MTT assay) was assessed by exposure of cultured embryonic rat neurons to graded concentrations of the drugs for 20 min. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of mefloquine was 25 µM, while those of the analogs were 19 to 200 µM. The relative (to mefloquine) therapeutic indices of the analogs were determined after using the tritiated hypoxanthine assay for assessment of the antimalarial activity of the analogs against mefloquine-sensitive (W2) and -resistant (D6 and TM91C235) Plasmodium falciparum strains. Five analogs, WR157801, WR073892, WR007930, WR007333, and WR226253, were less neurotoxic than mefloquine and exhibited higher relative therapeutic indices (RTIs) against TM91C235 (2.9 to 12.2). Conventional quinoline antimalarials were generally less neurotoxic (IC50s of 400, 600, and 900 for amodiaquine, chloroquine, and quinine) or had higher RTIs (e.g., 30 for halofantrine against TM91C235). The neurotoxicity data for the 4-quinolinecarbinolamines were used to develop a three-dimensional (3D), function-based pharmacophore. The crucial molecular features correlated with neurotoxicity were a hydrogen bond acceptor (lipid) function, an aliphatic hydrophobic function, and a ring aromatic function specifically distributed in the 3D surface of the molecule. Mapping of the 3D structures of a series of structurally diverse quinolines to the pharmacophore allowed accurate qualitative predictions of neurotoxicity (or not) to be made. Extension of this in silico screening approach may aid in the identification of less-neurotoxic quinoline analogs.
-- By concernedcitizen | Reply | Private Message me
March 28th
2008
12:12 AM
Have been taking Singulair but not consistently. I am a middle aged overweight male, and the MD suggested that conventional antihistamines could have cardiac complications.
Tried taking singulair at night per instructions but found it interfered with sleep. Recently moved to taking it in the daytime and found it prevented me from staying awake.
A couple of near-accidents while driving.
Mood swings, apathy and hostility, and even a trace of paranoia.
Greatly reduced intellectual capacity, a very bad thing for me as a computer programming professional.
Stopped taking it a week ago and I am almost back to myself. Hope and believe I escaped long term damage. I suppose I could be an outliers but I'm basically wired pretty well and I tend to doubt it. My impression is that this drug has such severe neurological effects that it should only be prescribed, if ever, in case of extreme need.
I'll take the sniffles, thanks. Singulair made me lazy, mean and stupid. Not a good trade at all.
The idea that this stuff is being foisted on inarticulate young children horrifies me. Even as an adult it is hard to make the connection. One doesn't anticipate severe psychotropic effects from something that replaces over the counter allergy meds.
I hope I'm an outliers but I think this needs some investigation. Suicide is awful, of course, but if its incidence goes up a little, perhaps a lot of minds are being disrupted short of suicide. If so this is a catastrophe and a travesty.
-- By mobius | Reply | Private Message me
October 6th
2007
4:52 PM
My little boy who is now 4 has been off the Reglan for two years. I really thought my husband and I were doing the right thing by putting him on the Reglan at 8 months because he was vomitting blood. The gastric doctor said he had to be on it plus prevacid .Well I WISH WE HAD KNOWN THE SIDE EFFECTS. Now my son is in the process of going to a Neurologist next week because they think he might have Tardive Dyskinesia . He has the symptoms of it on and off for a year now and the doctors have said it is from stress not possible because all of the stress therapist we have taken him to say he is not stressed. I would like to say one thing do not put your child on this drug because it could be the biggest mistake of your life . This is a disease that can not be curred.
-- By eg48 | Reply | (3) replies | Private Message me
February 7th
2003
10:39 AM
Has anyone had neurological effects (i.e. heightened sensitivity to noises, smells, etc. or any other or all types of stimulus)?
-- By moniqueville | Reply | Private Message me
January 10th
2009
9:16 PM
I took 4 500 mg doses of Levaquin for a sinus infection on Aug 19-22 2008. I am now almost 5 months out. I suffered multiple adverse reactions and have been waiting to post to see how things resolved. I am 39 years old and in excellent health. I rarely see doctors and have never had anything chronic. This is what I experienced: extreme fatigue, all over muscle soreness/stiffness, severe headaches, tingling/numbness in hands/feets, serious shoulder problems requiring ortho, physical therapy and chiropractor, irregular heart rhythm, irregular kidney function, constant ringing in my ears, impaired vision. Currently most of these are resolved except irregular kidney function (although this has improved), shoulder issues (not normal yet) and ringing in my ears.
You can't judge the full scope of your reaction by your body's initial reaction. As time unfolds you will get the big picture of how this drug harms the various systems of the body.
I can not begin to explain how taking this drug has impacted my life and my family. I have 3 children to take care of. I thank God that I am healing and have now resumed almost all of my daily activities. I pray that I will soon be back to full health. This is absolute madness. I am so sorry that so many of us have been injury in such a way.
-- By kvon | Reply | (3) replies | Private Message me