Findings from Clinical Trials of Yasmin

CLINICAL RESULTS FROM YASMIN TRIALS: The effectiveness and safety of Yasmin was established in large-scale clinical trials: Duration: 2 years Population included: 2,629 women Cycles completed: 33,160 cycles Mean age: 25.5 ± 4.7 years Age range: 16-37 years. Results showed that Yasmin provided cycle control with a low rate of spotting and breakthrough bleeding. The drug proved more than 99% effective in preventing pregnancy, with only one pregnancy occurring in 3,201 cycles of 326 Yasmin users. While many of you may not have taken the time to read through the accompanying pamphlet that comes with Yasmin or any medication, or if you have, it is critically important that you do. There are associated risks to any and all medications. Some direct links, some contraindicated and others weaker associated risk but still, risks. It is your body you are putting the medication into and you will live with the consequences and in your body for the rest of your life. Many women who were prescribed Yasmin shared on medications.com and the UK forumhttp://www.createforum.com/yasminsideeffec/viewforum.php?f=1&sid=833b25fae1f425795dd825f04872058c that their Doctors did not tell them about the potassium sparing diuretic in Yasmin or test their electrolyte/mineral balances before prescribing it. This is critical. If a Doctor/RN prescribing Yasmin to you does not do this, they are putting you and your health at risk. Below, is a listing of the side effects that were experienced in the clinical trials for Yasmin. You may be surprised by how many of the symptoms/side effects you experience now, or have experienced while being on Yasmin. Or maybe you know of someone who has experienced these side effects? If you are considering using/taking Yasmin, there is a wealth of information available posted by other women in three sites: www.medications.com (forum and side effects listings under separate headers) http://www.createforum.com/yasminsideeffec/viewforum.php?f=1&sid=833b25fae1f425795dd825f04872058c http://www.askapatient.com/viewrating.asp?drug=21098&name=YASMIN Then, at least, you will be as informed, recognize early symptoms/side effects and know that they are /could likely be attributed to Yasmin. ***Also, given 95% of the women here and on medications.com are being told/advised by their Doctors that their symptoms could not be related to Yasmin, it would be to your benefit to print and take this list with you to your next Doctor appointment. Then, when/if your Doctor says your side effects could not be attributed to YASMIN, you have proof, provided directly by the producers of Yasmin that they ARE! An informed, responsible Doctor should be aware and knowledgeable of these risks or possible side effects, or they should not be prescribing it! A good Doctor/RN should not only listen* to you, but certainly not discount you, your ability to be informed and intelligent about what you are experiencing, but trust that you have done your research and are in tune with your body's messages. The following are the most common adverse events reported with use of YASMIN during the clinical trials, occurring in > 1% of subjects and which may or may not be drug related. Greater than 1% certainly doesn't give us any idea how many women in the clinical trials experiences one or any of these side effects. Would certainly be more helpful to know of the 2, 630 women in the clinical trials, how many, great than 1% experienced these side effects. What is unfortunate and not helpful for many of us, the women who are prescribed and take Yasmin, is that we are no longer a part of the clinical trials/studies that allowed Yasmin and or any drug to be approved by the FDA. Even though there are countless women on medications.com, askapatient.com and the forum under www.createaforum.com who have suffered, sometimes and terribly from one or more of the side effects noted below during the clinical trials, we are no longer a part of that initial group and proving the link is for whatever un-ethical reasons very difficult. I have described what certain "events" are as these are not only defined well in layman's terms in medical pamphlets, but also provided in size 2.5 font! HEADACHE MENSTRUAL DISORDER BREAST PAIN ABDOMINAL PAIN NAUSEA LEUKORRHEA a thick whitish discharge from the vagina or cervical canal FLU SYNDROME ???*** ACNE VAGINAL MONILIASIS Yeast overgrowth/infection DEPRESSION DIARRHEA ASTHENIA*** (muscular fatigue***)-denotes feeling of weakness without actual loss of strength. Commonly seen in patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorders or chronic disorders of the heart, lungs or KIDNEYS. General asthenia occurs in many chronic wasting diseases, such as ANEMIA (have your blood tested-iron and sugar levels)* and cancer, and is probably most marked in diseases of the ADRENAL GLAND*. (YASMIN SUPPRESSES ADRENAL GLAND FUNCTION) Common causes OF ASTHENIA: Addison's disease, Anemia, Anxiety, Chemotherapy, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic Pain, Deconditioning/sedentary lifestyle, *DEHYDRATION AND ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCE (YASMIN HAS A POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC IN IT WHICH CAN CAUSE DEHYRDATION AND DISTURBANCE OF ELECTROLYTE/MINERAL BALANCE ), Depression, Diabetes, Fibromyalgia (chronic syndrome characterized by diffuse or specific muscle, joint, bone pain, fatigue-those who experience also experience heightened sensitivity of the skin, TINGLING OF THE SKIN OFTEN NEEDLE LIKE, ACHINESS IN THE MUSCLE TISSUES, PROLONGED MUSCLE SPASM, WEAKNESS IN THE LIMBS AND NERVE PAIN. CHRONIC SLEEP DISTURBANCES ARE ALSO CHARACTERISITC. ADDITIONALLY MANY PATIENTS EXPERIENCE A COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION KNOWN AS BRAIN "FOG" OR FIBROFOG WHICH MAY BE CHARACTERIZED BY IMPAIRED CONCENTRATION AND SHORT TERM MEMORY CONSOLIDATION, IMPAIRED SLEEP PERFORMANCE, INABIILTY TO MULTI-TASK AND COGNITIVE OVERLOAD., Heart Disease, Hypothyroidism, Infections, Medications, Narcotics, Paraheoplatic syndrome, Pregnancy/postpartum, Pulmonary disease, Renal Disease, Sleep Disorders. See also Neurashtenia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurasthenia and Myasthnia Gravis -is a neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating weakness and fatiguability. Lesser known autoimmune disorder (about 14 cases per 100,000 in the U.S. Weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholice receptors for the MuSK protein at the post synaptic neuromuscular junction, inhibiting the stimulative effect of the neurotransmitter acetylcholice. It is treated with immunosuppressants, cholinesterase inhibitors and in selected cases thymectomy (removal of the thymus gland and medication of steroids). Signs and symptoms: muscle weakness that increases during periods of activity and improves after periods of rest. Certain muscles such as those that control EYE AND EYELID movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and SWALLOWING are often but not always involved in the disorder. The muscle that control breathing and neck and limb movements can also be affected. Symptoms are not immediately recognized as myasthenia grais; a proportion only receives a diagnosis after more than a year. In most cases, the first noticeable symptom is weakness of the eye muscles. In others, DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING and slurred speech may be the first signs. Test is a serological blood test to identify antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor or MuSK protein. DYSMENORRHEA cramps or painful menstruation. BACK PAIN INFECTION PHARYNGITIS A painful inflammation of the pharynx, colloquially referred to as a soar throat. Infection of the tonsils, tonsillitis may occur simultaneously. The major cause is infection (see side effect above) and rarely ORAL THRUSH (fungal candidiasis Yeast) Viral Sore Throats: ADENOVIRUS most common. Typically the degree of neck lymph node enlargement (many women reported swelling of lymph nodes in medications.com and other website of breast and neck while taking YASMIN. ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE: which may cause influenza-present with rapid onset of high temperature, headache and generalized ache. INFECTUOUS MONONUCLEOSIS (glandular fever) caused by Epstein Barr Virus. This may cause significant lymph gland swelling and an exudative tonsilitis with marked redness and swelling of the throat. A heterophile test can be used if suspected. HERPES SIMPLEX virus can cause multiple mouth ulcers MEASCLES STEPTOCOCCAL: most common bacterial agent. Unlike adenovirus, tends to be greater generalized symptoms and more signs to find. Typically enlarged and tender lymph glands with bright red inflamed and swollen throat, may have a high temperature, headache, and aching muscles (myalgia) and joints (arthralgia) POST-STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: -INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEY. INTERMENSTURAL BLEEDING MIGRAINE VOMITING DIZZINESS NERVOUSNESS (no connection to all the anxiety so many women report???) VAGINITIS - inflammation of the vaginal mucosa and often associated with an irritation or infection of the vulva leading to vulvovaginitis. this is common* SINUSITIS an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses which may or may not be a result of infection, from bacterial, fungal, viral, allergic or autoimmune issues. Newer classifications of sinusitis refer to it as rhinosinusitis, taking into account the thought that inflammation of the sinuses cannot occur without some inflammation of the nose as well as rhinitis. Treatment: Nasal irrigation using a warm saline solution, analgesics such as aspirin-DO NOT TAKE WHILE TAKING YASMIN), hot drinks including tea and chicken soup, inhaling steam, lots of rest. If signs don't improve, recommended you see a Doctor who may prescribe antibiotics or nasal steroids. CYSTITIS Inflammation of the urinary bladder*. Bacterial Cystitis is the most common type which is often caused by coliform bacteria being transferred from the bowel through the urethra into the bladder. Interstitial cystitis which is painful, difficult to diagnose and not involve foreign organisms and hemorrhagic cystitis. This occurs when the normally sterile lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) is infected by bacteria and becomes irritated and inflamed. This is very common (is why they recommend wiping the rear from the rear to the back and not to the front and urinating after sexual intercourse). Condition frequently affects sexually active women ages 20-50 but may also occur in those who are not sexually active or in young girls. Females are more prone to the development of cystitis because of their relatively shorter urethra-bacteria do not have to travel as far to enter the bladder and because of the the relatively shorter urethra-bacteria do not have to travel as far to enter the bladder and because of the relatively short distance between the opening of the urethra and the anus. BRONCHITIS An obstructive pulmonary disorder characterized by inflammation of the bronchi of the lungs. Chronic bronchitis, which can be fatal is commonly diagnosed among heavy smokers, and those frequently exposed to smoke and airborne contaminants in residential or workplace environments. Chronic bronchitis is long lasting and defined by persistent cough that produces sputum matter for at least 3 months in two consecutive years. GASTROENTERITIS Inflammation or infection of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily the stomach and intestines. Caused by infection with bacteria, viruses, or other parasites or less commonly reactions to new foods or MEDICATIONS (Yasmin in this case). Many times involves diarrhea and or vomiting, with non-inflammatory infection of the upper small bowel, or inflammatory infections of the colon ALLERGIC REACTION Type 1 is characterized by excessive activation of mast cells and basophilis by IgE resulting in systemic inflammatory response that can result in symptoms as benign as a runny nose to life threatening anaphylactic shock and death. Allergy is a very common disorder and more than 50 million Americans suffer from allergic diseases. Allergies are the sixth leading cause of chronic disease in the U.S. Symptoms of allergic reaction to Yasmin may be: Nose: swelling of the nasal mucosa Eyes: Redness and itching Airways: bronchoconstriction, wheezing and dyspnoea Ears: feeling of fullness*, possibly pain and impaired hearing and lack of eustachian tube drainage* Skin: various rashes, such as eczema, hives, and dermatitis Systemic allergic response also called anaphylaxis depending upon rate of severity, can cause cutaneous reactions, bronchoconstriction, edema (swelling), hypotension, coma and even death. URINARY TRACT INFECTION PRURITUS Which could indicate an allergic reaction: An ITCH-the central chemical involved in itching is a histamine, a molecule released by mast cells in the skin. Histamine is the chemical that causes the itch and reddening when bitten by insects. it binds to local nerve endings on specific receptors. An itch caused by histamine is transmitted to the brain by a different neural pathway EMOTIONAL LABILITY Labile affect or Pseudobulbar affect refers to the pathological expression of laughter, crying or smiling. SOUND FAMILIAR??? Also known as emotional lability-Pathological laughter or crying, "emotional incontinence or more recently "Involuntary Emotional Expression Disorder (IEED). CAN YA BELIEVE THEY CATEGORIZED THIS AS A DISORDER???? Diagnosed by an individual finding themselves laughing uncontrollably at something that is only moderately funny (who is to decide this?), being unable to stop themselves for several minutes. Most commonly observed after brain injury or degeneration in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis also known as motor neuron disease. Labile affect can have a significant impact on individuals social functioning and their relationships with others. SURGERY? ! RASH UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN ADDITION, AN INCREASED RISK OF THE FOLLOWING SERIOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES: (SEE WARNINGS) ON THE INSIDE/ACCOMPANYING PAMPHLETS OF BIRTH CONTROL PRESCRIPTIONS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THROMBOPHLEBITIS Several women on www.medications.com and askapatient.com and the UK forum reported this problem. This is vein inflammation related to blood clots. Symptoms: skin redness inflammation (not always present), swelling (edema) of extremities (ankle or foot). Blood clots can be life threatening. They can travel to the brain, heart or the lungs, where it may cause stroke, infarction. ARTERIAL THROMBOEMBOLISM Blood clots in the arteries PULMONARY EMBOLISM Blood clots in the lungs MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION- The *fancy" word for HEART ATTACK-HELLO! This is the death of the heart muscle from sudden blockages of a coronary artery or a blood clots. See all the noted possible blockages from clots/thrombosis above! Coronary arteries are blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood and oxygen. Blockage of coronary artery deprives the heart muscle of blood and oxygen causing injury to the heart muscle. Injury to the heart muscle causes chest pain and pressure***. If blood flow is not restored in 20-40 minutes, irreversible death of the heart muscle will begin to occur. Muscle continues to die for 6-8 hours at which time the heart attack is usually "complete". The dead heart muscle is replaced by scar tissue. What are the causes: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: gradual process in which plaques/collections of cholesterol are deposited in the walls of the arteries. Cholesterol plaques cause hardening of the arterial walls and narrowing of the inner channel of the artery. Arteries that are narrowed by atherosclerosis cannot deliver enough blood to maintain normal function of the parts of the body they supply. Coronary atherosclerosis is the hardening of coronary arteries (heart). Coronary heart diseases include heart attacks, sudden unexpected death, chest pain (angina), abnormal heart rhythms, and heart failure due to weakening of the heart muscle. Atherosclerosis and Angina Pectoris (chest pain) or pressure that occurs when the blood and oxygen supply to the heart muscle cannot keep up with the needs of the muscle. When coronary arteries are narrowed by more than 50 to 70 percent, the arteries cannot increase the supply of blood in the heart muscle during exercise or other periods of high demand for oxygen. An insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart muscle causes angina. Angina occurs with exercise or exertion is called exert ional angina. In some patients, especially diabetics, the progressive decrease in blood flow to the heart may occur without any pain or with just shortness of breath or unusually early fatigue. Exertional angina usually feels like PRESSURE, HEAVINESS, SQUEEZING OR ACHING ACROSS THE CHEST. This pain may travel to the neck, jaw, arms, back or even the teeth and may be accompanied by shortness of breath, nausea or a cold sweat. Exertional angina typically lasts from 1-15 minutes and is relieved by rest of placing a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue. Both resting and nitroglycerin decrease the heart muscle's demand for oxygen, thus relieving angina. Exertional angina may be the first warning sign of advanced coronary artery disease. Chest pains that just last a few seconds rarely are due to coronary heart disease. Angina can also occur at rest. Angina at rest more commonly indicates a coronary artery has narrowed to such a critical degree that the heart is not receiving enough oxygen at rest. Angina at rest infrequently may due to a spasm of a coronary artery (a condition called Prinzmetal's or variant angina). Unlike a heart attack, there is no prominent muscle damage with either exertional or rest angina. *While heart attacks can occur at any time, most occur between 4:00A.M and 10:00A.M. because of the higher blood levels of adrenaline released from the adrenal glands during the morning hours. Approximately 50% of patients who develop heart attacks have warning symptoms such as exertional angina or rest angina prior to the heart attack. Although chest pain or pressure is the most common symptom of a heart attack, victims may experience a diversity of symptoms that include: -pain, fullness and/or squeezing sensation in the chest -Jaw pain, toothache, headache -shortness of breath -nausea, vomiting, and or/general upper middle abdomen discomfort -Sweating -Heartburn and/or indigestion -Arm pain (more commonly the left arm but may be either arm) -Upper back pain -General malaise (vague feeling of illness) -No symptoms (approx. 1/4 of all heart attacks are silent without chest pain or new symptoms. *Too often, patients attribute heart attack symptoms to "indigestion", "fatigue", or "stress" and delay seeking prompt medical attention. One cannot overemphasize the importance of seeking prompt medical attention in the presence of symptoms that suggest early heart attack. Early diagnosis saves lives and delays reaching medical assistance can be fatal. CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE A bleed into the substance of the cerebrum (brain). Cerebral hemorrhages can lead to hemorrhagic strokes and are medical emergencies. Most frequently occurs from high blood pressure as found in people with hypertension, eclampsia and abuse of some drugs. Symptoms of intracerebral hemorrhage include headache, nausea, vomiting, alertness changes, deficiencies in verbal skills, balance, swallowing, coordination and focusing of the eyes. A sudden, severe headache is common in hemorrhagic stroke, and is especially indicative of that if accompanied by stiff neck, facial pain, pain between the eyes, vomiting, or altered consciousness. Blood carries plasma proteins, leukocytes and other molecules which damage brain cells when they flood the area. Also a rise in intracranial pressure exacerbates ischemia by compressing blood vessel and requiring higher blood pressures to force blood into tissues. Risk factors: include inflammation of the heart, hypertension and arthritis, atherosclerosis. Now why /how would birth control pills contribute to this? Hypertension is listed as a possible side effect! CEREBRAL THROMBOSIS Blood clots in the brain! HYPERTENSION*** One of the contributing factors in thrombosis which birth control pill usage has been linked to! HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE which several women reported on medications.com, askapatient.com and the UK forum. High blood pressure is a medical condition where the blood pressure is chronically elevated. It is formally called arterial hypertension. Hypertension gives a higher risk of heart attack or stroke than any other disease! Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for strokes, heart attacks, heart failure and arterial aneurysm and is a leading cause of chronic renal (kidney) failure. Likely why women with a history of renal problems are advised not to take Yasmin. 120/89 mmHg to 139/89 is "prehypertension"-risk of developing hypertension. 115/75 has been noted as the gold standard by the Mayo clinic. A number of environmental factors have been implicated in development of hypertension including *SALT INTAKE*, obesity, occupation, alcohol intake, family size, stimulant intake (caffeine), excessive noise exposure and crowding. Salt has the greatest attention. 60% of essential hypertension is responsive to sodium intake. Adrenal hypertension: feature of a variety of adrenal cortical abnormalities. In primary aldosteronism there is a clear relationship between the aldosterone-induced sodium retention and the hypertension. GALLBLADDER DISEASE The gallbladder or cholecyst is a pear shaped organ that stores 50 mL of bile until the body needs it for digestion. This is released when food containing fat enters the digestive tract, stimulating the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK). The bile emulsifies fats and neutralizes acids in part digested food. After being stored in the gallbladder, bile becomes more concentrated than when it left the liver, increasing its potency and intensifying its effect on fats. Gallbladder disease, is the blockage in the supply of bile into the digestive tract. It can cause jaundice and is identified by the presence of elevated bilirubin. Up to 25% of all people have gallstones. These can cause abdominal pain, usually in relation with the meal as the gallbladder contracts and gallstones pass through the bile duct. Symptoms are: abdominal fullness, gas, abdominal pain, located on the right side or in the upper middle of the abdomen, occurring after meals, worse during deep intake of breath, radiating back or below the right shoulder blade, fever, nausea or vomiting, heartburn, chills or shaking, chest pain under the breastbone*. tests that detect the presence of gallstones or inflammation include, abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT scan, abdominal x-ray, gall bladder radionuclide scan a CBC shows infection by an elevated white blood cell count. HEPATIC ADENOMAS A rare benign tumor of the liver. Lesions most often seen in young women using oral contraceptives! http://www.emedicine.com/RADIO/topic329.htm. It is rare, as incidence among long term users or oral contraceptives is approximately 4 cases per 100,000. BENIGN LIVER TUMORS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ***There is evidence of an association between the following conditions and the use of oral contraceptives, although additional confirmatory studies are needed: MESENTERIC ARTERY THROMBOSIS This type of thrombosis has the highest mortality rate of all causes of mesenteric ischemia. Thrombosis is a the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Characterized by fever, abdominal pain, nausea and occasionally diarrhea. Pain and tenderness are often centered in the right lower quadrant. Mesentary is an anatomical term that specifically refers to a boule layer of peritoneum that connects a part of the small intestine to the posterior wall of the abdomen. RETINAL THROMBOSIS This refers to the blockage of the central retinal vein that carries blood away from the eye. Occulsion of this vein or its branches can be seen in elderly, especially those with glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, and HYPERTENSION. Painless ***visual loss*** is the only symptom. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- THE FOLLOWING ADVERSE REACTIONS HAVE BEEN REPORTED** IN PATIENTS RECEIVING ORAL CONTRCEPTIVEES AND ARE BELIEVED TO BE DRUG RELATED: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NAUSEA VOMITING GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS (such as abdominal cramps and bloating) BREAKTHROUGH BLEEDING SPOTTING CHANGE IN MENSTRUAL FLOW AMENNORRHEA (menstrual cycle ceases) TEMPORARY INFERTILITY AFTER DISCONTINUATION EDEMA (swelling) MELASMA WHICH MAY PERSIST (dark spots on the skin) BREAST CHANGES ( tenderness, enlargement, secretion) INCREASE/DECREASE IN WEIGHT CERVIAL EROSION AND SECRETION CHANGE DIMINUTION IN LACTATION WHEN GIVEN IMMEDIATELY POSTPARTUM CHOLESATIC JAUNDICE MIGRAINE RASH (allergic) MENTAL DEPRESSION ****REDUCED TOLERANCE TO CARBOHYDRATES**** VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS (Yeast over-growth/infection) CHANGE IN CORNEAL CURVATURE (steepening) INTOLERANCE TO CONTACT LENSES ---------------------------------------------------------------------- THE FOLLOWING ADVERSE REACTIONS HAVE BEEN RNEPORTED IN USERS OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND A CAUSAL *ASSOCIATION* HAS NEITHER BEEN CONFIRMED OR REFUTED: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ACNE BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME- thrombotic hepatic vein obstruction CATARACTS-clouding of the eye's natural lens CHANGES IN APPETITE CHANGES IN LIBIDO COLITIS-chronic inflammation of the membrane lining of the colon, your large intestine or bowel. CYSTITIS LIKE SYNDROME DIZZINESS ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME-acute self-limited skin disease ERYTHEMA NODOSUM-skin inflammation that results in reddish, painful, tender lumps most commonly located in the front of the legs below the knees. HEADACHE HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME-Kidney failure HEMORRHAGIC ERUPTUION-blood vessels burst HIRSUTISM--excessive and increased hair growth in women in locations where the occurrence of terminal hair normally is minimal or absent. It refers to a male pattern of body hair (androgenic hair). Caused by increased level of androgens (male hormones) or an oversensitivity of hair follicles to androgens. IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION*-Impaired kidney function* LOSS OF SCALP HAIR ***NERVOUSNESS****(Interesting how this is defined when so many women have experienced anxiety-which is essentially nervousness, Doctors are prescribing anti-anxiety drugs) PORPHYRIA-purple discoloration of some body fluids during an attack. From disorders of certain enzymes in the porphyrin pathway. Primarily affect the nervous system, resulting in abdominal pain, vomiting, neuropathy, seizures, mental disturbances, including hallucinations, depression, anxiety, and paranoia. Cardiac arrhythmias and tachycardia (fast heart rate) may develop as the autonomic nervous system is affected. Interesting how there is no direct link however, literature provides the cause of this can be triggered from drugs, alcohol, sulfa drugs, oral contraceptives, sedatives, and certain antibiotics, fasting. PRE-MENSTRUAL SYNDROME VAGINITIS